Flying-machine.



W. H. MARTIN.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN.3, 908.

935,384, Patented Sept. 28, 1909.

2 SHEETS- SHBET 1.

W. H. MARTIN.

FLYING MACHINE APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3. 1908.

Patented Sept. 28, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR MLLl/IM H. M/i/PT/N,

By ATTORNEYS M27922! g: A/.

WILLIAM H. MARTIN, OF CANTON, OHIO.

FLYING-MACHINE.

I Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 28, 1909.

Application filed January 3, 1908. Serial No. 409,232.

To all whom it may concern;

lie it known that I, IVILLIAM H. MARTIN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Canton, in the county of Stark and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in F lying-Machines; and Ido hereby declare that the,following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing,making a part of this specification, in which,-

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the entire device in the position offlight. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 3 is a partialtransverse section taken through the aeroplane. Fig. 4 is a detail viewshowing the torsional power spring and its attachments, detached fromits inclosing frame, and Fi s. 5 and 6 are diagrammatic viewsillustrating the principle upon which my flying machine is constructedThe present invention has relation to fiying machines more particularlydesigned as toys, but I do not desire to be confined to toys, owing tothe fact that by an enlargement of the machine proper and providingsuitable power, rudders, &c., the device may be applied to flyingmachines other than toys.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures of the drawing.

In order that the principle of my flying machine may be betterunderstoorhl have shown in Figs. 5 and 6 diagrams giving an analysis ofprinciples. My invention belongs to that class of devices in which anaeroplane is propelled through the air by,

two rotating propellers revolving in opposite directions about an axisarranged in the general line of flight.

In Fig. 5 A, B represents the axial line of the propellers, which lattertend to advance the machine in the direction of the arrow. C, D is thecross section of the aeroplane 18, the plane of which is parallel to theaxial line A, Band a considerable distance above the same. From a pointat or near the axis A, B, see Fig. 6, two sheets 17, 17, extend upwardlyat equal diverging angles to the vertical and at their upper and outerends are joined on to the aeroplane 18 atthe points E and F nearthe'outer ends of said aeroplanes. I

Now my invention comprehends two general principles, one serving toeffect the automatic, adjustment of the aeroplane to such" Referring toFig. 5, it will be seen that if the propellers be located at A and arudder at B and the propelling power be exerted in the line A, B, thefrictional resistance of the aeroplane C, D will be so far above theline A, B that it will turn the aeroplane backwardly, causing the axialline A, B to be tilted to A, B and the aeroplane (J, D to be cantedbackwardly to the plane C, D as shown in dotted lines, which gives theproper angle for the resultant upward pressure of the air to buoy up theaeroplane.

Referring now to F ig. 6, if from the wind or other extraneousdlsturbing forces, the aeroplane is tilted sidewise to the dotted lineposition, it will be secnthat the angle which the sheet A, 17, E makesto-the vertical is less than formerly and the angle which the othersheet A, 17, F makes to the vertical will be greater, consequently themore nearly horizontal surface A, F will be in a position to be pressedupwardly with a greater power than the more nearly vertical surface A,E" and consequently the machine will at once right itself, producing anautomatic balancing effect. These sheets 17, 17 I term balancing planes.I will now proceed to the description of my machine as constructed underthese principles.

In Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawing 17,17 are the balancing planes and 18 theaeroplane seen in Figs. 5 and 6. 1 represents a frame,preferablycylindrical, within which is located a spring to impart rotarymotion to the propelling blades 2 and 3 and consequently includes theaxial line of the propellers. In the drawing I have shown the spring toconsist of a torsional rubber band, which is connected to ,hooks 4 undo,the hook 5 being formed upon the short. bar (3 which is attached to thehead 7. The book 4 is formed upon the inuer end of the shaft 8, and saidshaft extends through the hollow shaft 9, in which it has its bearings,and a short distance beyond said hollow shaft to the outer end of shaft8 is attached the head equivalent, -17, to which the'aeroplane 18 isattached.

10, to which the propeller blades are atlachcd in any substantialmanner. The hollow shaft 9 has its bearings in the bracket 14 andagainst the head 10 and is attached to the head 12 which in turn isattached to the cylindrical frame 1 with which it rotates. Un the hollowshaft 9 is fixedtlie head or hub 11 to which the, propelling blades 3are attached. Below the cylindrical frame 1 is located any suitableframe bar 13,- to which is fixed the upwardly projecting brackets'li and15. The bracket 14- pro= vides a bearing for the hollow shaft 9 and thebracket 15 on its upper end provides a bearing for the short shaft 16,which has a head upon its rear end to prevent it from being drawnforward and out of its hearing. The shaft 16 is fixed to the center ofhead 7, which is fixed to the cylindrical frame 1 and rotates with it.To the bar 13, or its are fixed the balancing planes The aeroplane 18and the balancing planes 17 consist of suitable frames of wood or othermaterial upon which light material such as paper or other suitablematerial isattached. The balancing planes 17 are located at an angletoeach other and extend downward and toward each other from theaeroplane, equal angles presenting a V-shaped form,

- and are so arranged for the purpose of atmospherically maintaining theaeroplane18.

in a horizontal position laterally while in flight as heretoforedescribed.

It will be understood that when the aero plane 18 is in a truehorizontal position lat.- erally as in full lines in Fig. 6 and tiltedat anangle upward to the line of flight as in dotted lines in Fig. 5,while infiight, the resistance and sustaining power will be equal on thetwo balancing planes 17, .but when theaeroplane 18 is thrown out of atrue horizontal position laterally as in dotted lines in Fig. (3, (butremains at an angle tilted upward to the line of flight in the directionof flight, as in dotted lines Fig. 5) then the plane 17 approaching thenearest to the vertical will have less resistance and sustaining poweras it approaches the vertical, (at which the sustaining power will bezero), and the opposing sheet will increase in resistance and sustainingpower -as it approaches the horizontal, (at which it will have itsmaximum resistance and sustaining power), or in other words if themachine leans to either side of the greater weight or load which in thetoy is the cylinder or frame with its attachments), the supportingsurface and power on the side to which it leans will be increased, whileon the other side they will be diminished, which will cause theaeroplane to right itself and be sustained in a true horizontal positionlaterally and the machine will be held in proper to which they areattached at position and will not have a tendency to roll laterallywhile in flight.

To the Jar 1 -5, orits equivalent, is attached the bracket 19, which isfor the purpose of connectingthe ruddcrbar 20, below the aeroplane, andthe rudderbar 20 is so connect ed that it can be adjusted and held infixed adjustment and at any desired angle to the bar 13 and the axis 'ofthe propeller. This is brought about by means of the rudder bar '20resting in a loop ofbracket .15, in connec-' tion with a series'of holesin bracket 19 and apin connectin g the same to the rudder bar.

"The rudder bar 20 is provided on its rear end with a combined verticaland horizontal rudder 21, of the usual construction.

The rubber band 22 is connected to the hooks 4 and 5, and when power isdesired to be stored, the cylinder or frame 1 is held against rotationby clasping it with the thumb and forefinger of one hand and'the shaft 8together with the propelling blades 2 are rotated by placing theforefinger of the otherhand against one of the propelling blades 2, androtating it until the desired amountof energy is stored, after which thecylindrical frame 1 and the aforesaid blade are quickly andsimultaneously released and rotary motion is imparted to the'cylindricalframe 1 and the shaft 8 in opposite directions, thereby impartingopposite rotary motion to the propelling blades 2 and 3, which are soarranged that the toy or flying machine will be drawn or propelledforward through the air. In the drawing I have illustrate'd'a rubberband such as 22, but it will be understood that any other motor orsource of power'may be used.

For the purpose of utilizing the properties of the balancing planes 17and at the same time to support the machine and maintain it at theproper angle to the line of flight and maintain it in a horizontalposition laterally, the machineis caused to tilt backward as heretoforedescribed by placing the propeller shaft far enough below the aeroplane18 so that when the propeller blades 2 and 3 are rotated they will drawthe machine forward and the aeroplane will tilt backward on account ofthe air resisttime which the aeroplane 18 and the ba -lancing planes l7meet with, causing the entire machine to assume anangle upward to theline of flight in the direction of flight. The rudder bar 20 beingadjustable, the rudder 21 can be raised or lowered to any desiredposition, in relation to theline of flight. Vhen so adjusted thehorizontal rudder will be forced upward by striking the air while inflight. until the upward pressure on the.

pudder equals the tilting influence caused 37 the aeroplane and thewhole machine is thus heldpoised at the desired angle'to the line offlight. It will be understood that if the the location of the propelleraxis below plane, a motor,

ble frame,.heads fixed to said frame, a motor ancing planes located inV-shaped relation- :Iow shaft located rudder is set so that the lineofflight of the 1 machine is a horizontal line, then increasing thespeed of the machine through the air, will cause it to rise anddecreasing the speed will cause it to fall. For this reason it will beunderstood that the angle of the aeroplane to the line of flight is notpermanent, but must be changed to suit prevailing coni ditions andrequirements.

The object and purpose of rotating the blades 2 and 3 in oppositedirections is to cause their torsional effect on the aeroplane toneutralize each other.

I claim- I 1. A flying machine, comprising an aeroreversely rotating andconcentric propellers with axes located at a distance below theaeroplane and two balancing planes arranged on opposite sides of thepropeller axis and extending in V-shape relation from the propeller axisto the aeroplane at equal angles and connecting with the aeroplane atpoints between the outer ends of the same and the middle.

2. A flying machine, comprising a rotatable frame, heads secured to saidframe, a motor located in said frame, a rotatable shaft provided withpropelling blades, a holaround the aforesaid shaft and fixed to one ofthe heads'of the rotatable frame, propelling blades connected to saidhollow shaft, an aeroplane located abovethe frame, balancing planeslocated in V-shaped relationship with reference to eachother and belowthe aeroplane, a rudder bar provided with a rudder, and bearings: forthe frame and hollow shaft. 7 7 l 8. A flying machine, comprising arotatalocated in said frame,'.a hollow shaft secured to one of the headsfixedto the rotatable frame, said hollow shaft being provided withpropelling blades, a shaft-located within the hollow shaft and carriedby said'hollow shaft,'propelling blades-fixed to the shaft carried bythe hollow shaft, an aeroplane located above the rotatable frame andbalship with reference to each other, and below theaeroplane, a bar withbearings adapted to carry the ends of the rotatable frame, and a rudder.

l. Ina fiyingmachine, upwardly divergent balancing planes, an aeroplanesupported '-located below said at poi-ntsinside the outerand extendeddownward from said aeroplane at equal angles and in V-shaped relationand upon the top of said balancing planes and extending beyond the pointof.connection of the balancing planes, shafts rotatable in oppositedirections located at the lower angle of the upwardly divergentbalancing planes, said shafts being provided with propelling blades,means for imparting rotary motion to saidshafts in opposite'directionsand a rudder bar provided with a rudder.

5. In a flying machine, an aeroplane, balancing planes located below theaeroplane and arranged in V-shaped relation to each other and at equalangles to the aeroplane, and connecting with the aeroplane at pointsinside the outer ends of the latter, a motor aeroplane, shafts locatedat'the lower angle of the balancing planes and adapted to rotate inopposite directions and provided with propelling blades, a rud-- der barwith rudder and means for adjusting the rudder bar and rudder at anangle to the aeroplane.

6. In a flying machine, ancing planes connected to-said aeroplane endsof the same with reference to each other, a motor located below saidaeroplane, shafts located atthe lower angle of. the balancing planes andadapted to rotate in opposite directions, propelling blades secured tosaid shafts and an adjustable rudder bar and rudder.

7. In a flying machine, an aeroplane, balancing planes located belowsaid aeroplane connecting with the latter at equal angles atpointsinside the outer ends thereof and converging toward each otherdownwardly, a motor located below said aeroplane, rotating bladesactuated by the motor, a shaft carrying the blades and located at thelower ends of the'balancing planes, and a rudder bar providedwith arudder, said rudder being located below the aeroplane and arranged tooppose the tilting of the aeroplane and hold of'flight. t v

8. In a flying machine, an aeroplane, balancing plane's located belowsaid aeroplane and connecting with the same at equal angles at pointsinside the outer ends of the same, 105

a motor located below said aeroplane, rotating blades actuated by themotor and hav-' ing their axial line below the aeroplane,,a framesupportingthe motor andpropeller blades, and an adjustable rudder barvided with a rudder, said adjustable ru der bar being connected to themotor frame in fixed relation and having a horizontal blade. whereby theaeroplane is'caused to adjust itself at an angle to locationvof theaxial below the aeroplane.

9. In a flying machine, upwardly divergentbalancing planes, an aeroplanesupported line of the propellers upon the top of said balancingplanesand extending beyond thepoints of connection with the same, shaftsrotatable in opposite directions, said shafts being located at the lowerangle of'the balancing planes and providedwith propelling blades, meansfor imparting rotary motion to said shafts in opposite directions anda'rudder. 10. Ina flying machine, an aeroplane, balancing planes locatedbelow said aeroplane and extending downward an aeroplane, balit at anangle to the line I00 the line of flight by the and toward each 13Cother from the aeroplane; a motor located I to the device while beingpropelled through below said aeroplane; rotating blades actuated'by saidmotor, and having their axial line below the aeroplane and below the I 5greater resistance to the device While being propelledthroughthe air,and a rudder having a horizontal blade arranged to oppose v the tiltingof the device caused by locating the axial line of the propellers belowthe 10 aeroplane and below the greater resistance the air, and having avertical blade to direct and centrol its course.

WILLIAM H. MARTIN. Witnesses:

J (A. J EFFERS, F.' W. .BOND.

